Yet due to the amount of people farming sheep all of the possible products are rather low in selling value and thus rendering the overall profit for farming sheep to one of the worst. Male sheep, or rams, reach sexual maturity between 4 and 6 months, while female sheep reach sexual maturity between 6 and 8 months. For pregnant and lactating ewes a feed below 9. Early detection of pregnancy would. 05) serum Ca and inorganic P levels than sheep pregnant with one fetus on d 100 and 150. BDO Trading is one of 11 Life Skills that allows players to profit by obtaining trade items and selling them to special NPC traders. As soon as the Black Spirit's energy touches the stone pagoda, apparitions of the past appeared, two who look like they could be twins. This study determined effects of exogenous P4 on transport of select nutrients and pathways that enhance conceptus development. Database. BDO Knowledge Database Drieghan Adventure Journal II (4 Energy) knowledge group for energy in Black Desert Online. Base Sauce. Blood. These objects are a common find in the contaminated region of Calpheon. Morris FH, Rosenfeld CR, Crandell SS, Adcock EW. Show/hide full quest chain. Estrus was synchronized in 182 Awassi×Merino ewes and blood samples were collected at Days 0 (day of the insemination), 18, 22, 29, 36, and 50 after artificial. Start NPC: - Stone Pagoda End NPC: - Baumim - Description: As soon as the Black Spirit's energy touches the stone pagoda, apparitions of the past appeared, two who look like they could be twins. Sinner's Blood. On the week of February 5, 2019, Pearl Abyss released the Bartali Adventure Log quests for BDO. - Description: As soon as the Black Spirit's energy touches the stone pagoda, apparitions of the past appeared, two who look like they could be twins. - No, I am the real Baumim! The second Baumim is insisting that the answer the first Baumim gave is wrong. Pets can be “exchanged” (pet breeding) to increase their tier up to Tier 4. Let's go back to Melana and tell her all about what happened. I heard you might find some Mountain Sheep living on a nearby hill. Meat Group 1 is an ingredient of the following 10 recipes: Red Sauce. Go to the Mountaintop as the shepherd said and find Murana Lynch. In most typical sheep flocks, over 90 percent of the sheep should have a body condition score of 2, 3, or 4. You can do this guide on all your characters. Another efficient spot for your Agris Fever is the Centaurus Herd. Vitamin D during pregnancy. Upon lambing, all ewes and lambs were placed onto a common pasture. . Category: Beasts (Serendia) - Description: Sheep inhabiting the mountains of Serendia. To get started, all you really need is a Hunting. Knowledge: - Serendia Mountain Sheep: You are not logged in! Log in to be able to post the comments, upload screenshots, subscribe to the pages, add information into the database and more! BBCode. Let's go back to Melana and tell her all about what happened. You can have up to 5 pets in total. The children rushed toward the sound, barely finding their way in the growing darkness. Finding the Pregnant Sheep. Other early signs include the enlargement of the vulva, as well as doing the ram test – introducing the ram into the ewe pen to see which ewes are pregnant. If you're not prepared, you might not know how to handl. A man from Alejandro Farm wanted to run a small ranch. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of the progesterone (P4) and pregnancy associated glycoprotein (PAG) tests for determination of early pregnancy in sheep. The other yelled with confidence, one hundred and twenty two sheep. Press "L" and use "Drying" to dry Milk. Livestock Llamas Protect Best. 67 g/dL and lactation sheep of 26. If what the second Baumim is claiming is true, there must be a pregnant sheep nearby. Bdolytics Join Discord! Support the site <3. Cheese. 2. Sheep are pregnant for about 5 months, and if you're not prepared, it can be hard to know what to do. Let's go to the dig site archaeologist Melana told you about to look for ancient artifacts. The latter authorTwin pregnant sheep were found to have lower (p < 0. Police are hunting for the person who horrifically killed a pregnant sheep and her unborn lamb on a farm. September 25 I found a lost lamb when I was passing through Southern Serendia. Black Desert Online. Hypertension associated with. Weight: 0. Weight: 0. They were maintained on conventional pelleted food (sodium, <1. - They do not have any characters. Prices are too high. Dairy goats should have at least a 6- to 8-week dry period for the udder to fully involute and prepare for the next milking period. The rocky and mountainous terrain of this area isn't very good for crop cultivation. The other yelled with confidence, one hundred and twenty two sheep. The family members counted the sheep, and there were exactly one hundred and twenty one sheep. more. Early detection of sheep pregnancy and the prediction of how many lambs a pregnant ewe delivers affects sheep farmers in a number of ways, most notably with regard to feed management, lambing rate, and sheep/lamb health. It is also totally unclear what purpose these objects serve. Quest Type: Character Quest. Talk to him. In this study, a pregnancy was produced in each experimental ewe by implanting a single egg fertilized with the sperm of just one male sheep. 7** 8Vitamin D - Information for pregnant women . Karl began calling for them, and soon the sheep crossed through a hole in the fence and hurried back to. Go have a look for some sheep. Seiri who has a friend (Can be obtained through [Quest]Seiri Made Friends) 3. I heard you might find some Mountain Sheep living on a nearby hill. Completion Target: Ivana DeRose - Draw and deliver Sheep Blood. Goats that are only having one kid are often hard to tell whether they're pregnant or not. • You can more conveniently find the Knowledge entry you seek by pressing Ctrl + F. 0 6 Ewe flock during the last month of pregnancy 1. Some fellow players would like to share their hunting locations with us! Here you will find a location map for <Wild> mobs you can use a matchlock on. Give GeekGold . Drieghan Adventure Journal II (4 Energy) ( 52 knowledge) 1. Allow breeding to occur at the right time and between the mates you selected. 1. 32 ng/mL). If they have lambs in there you should be able to feel them “bounce” against your hands, since they’re denser than the ewes organs. If what the second Baumim is claiming is true, there must be a pregnant sheep nearby. Clear Minded Rinta (Can be obtained through [Quest]Clear Minded Rinta) 4. - Description: Material that has been gathered and may be changed to a different form through alchemy or processing. Management practices, particularly feeding practices, can be the primary determinant of cases or outbreaks of infectious or metabolic disease in all flocks of sheep. If you can cook what you want with sheep meat go to the sheep hill west of Heidel which is. This article explains the causes of pregnancy ketosis (a. Games Home Black Desert Online Coupon Codes Idle Champions Combination Codes Warframe Codes New World Conan Exiles Diablo 2: Resurrected Fallout 76 Path of Exile Lost Ark Ni No Kuni Cross Worlds Pokemon dB Boomer Death. - Finding the Pregnant Sheep - Wrapping Up the Story. The finding that pregnancy-induced hypertension does occur in the ewe is an important step in developing the ewe as a convincing animal model to study human preeclampsia. That is where your horse is. 10 LT. Two samples were taken from each sheep on each occasion and mixed together. Fifty Corriedale ewes were used in this study to evaluate pregnancy diagnosis in sheep. Firm Teats. Added in Patch. BDO offers two primary methods of fishing: auto-fishing (AFK) and active fishing. All that is needed for them to get pregnant is the option allowed (when you examine them one of the icons on the right is to allow or deny pregnancy). reminds me of someone saying no prep work, but had water/pots for desert debuff, so much for not planned. End NPC: - GM Quartz. - They deleted their character and/or it's being processed. 00%. Standard. Login. Monster. 5, 3, 3. Its sweat glands can be found on the surface of the hairy portions of its skin, an unusual trait among rodents. Since then, Baumim gained the trust of the villagers and became the wise Chief of the Mahakal Tribe. 52,050. An understanding of behavioral changes before birth may provide opportunities for enhanced visual monitoring at this critical stage in the animal’s life. Table 1. They can help you determine if ivermectin is safe and necessary for the sheep’s condition. 01) for serum Mg levels in both groups were recorded on d 100 and 150 of pregnancy. Serendia Mountain Sheep. Download Pregnant Sheep stock photos. But soon, an amazing fact was revealed. This sign is relatively subtle because ewes do not expressly show interest in rams even when in heat. Ideally, the barn should be cleaned and limed. Examples: 1) Player has 2 non-pregnant sheep and 1 pregnant cow: the end result will be: 1 pregnant sheep, 1 non-pregnant sheep, and 2 non-pregnant cows. 25 GeekGold 1 GeekGold 5 GeekGold Other Amount w/. The chorioallantois (asterisk) is. as early as 22 or 23 weeks into the pregnancy. The Book of Enoch contains unique material on the origins of demons and Nephilim, why. Duvencrune Altar (Can be obtained through [Quest]Pleading Goblin) 2. Sheep were divided into three groups (n = 8 per group): non-pregnant, singleton, or twin pregnancy. The pregnancy rate of female sheep and lambs differed depending on the season. When do sheep get pregnant? Updated: 9/6/2023. The lowest pregnancy rate was found in summer (1. The other yelled with confidence, one hundred and twenty two sheep. With just one guard llama on the premises, livestock owners can potentially see their losses to predators diminished all the way to zero. Let's go talk to the other apparition claiming to be Baumim to find out what he has to say. 01) for serum Mg. A flock of sheep is generally mated by a single. The parallel betwe-en pregnancy disease in sheep and acetonaemia in the cow would appear to be especially close. If so, she’s probably pregnant. Another author used sheep blood for his work, and in particular, he studied sheep blood contaminated with BPA that was detected in both plasma and red blood cells (RBC) (10 times lower than in plasma),. Market Price: 8,950 Silver. In sheep, the fetal growth trajectory is not linear, but rather, 90% of the increase in fetal mass occurs during the last third of the pregnancy [13]. Fetal catheterizations were conducted in pregnant sheep (n = 6) at mid-pregnancy and injected with either a single dose of BPS (n = 3, 0. A24’s Lamb is out in theaters now. Lambs and kids infected congenitally may abort during their !rst pregnancy. I. 19. Skill XP: 50. weeks in pregnant and non-pregnant sheep, we reasoned 372 that we would identify alterations in cell proliferation or 373 the production of IFN- ␥ , IL-4 or IL-10 if they occurred. Drieghan Adventure Journal II (4 Energy) ( 52 knowledge) 1. Chronic maternal cold exposure increased the. Register Restore password Login. Level: 17 HP: 798 MP: 1 Defense (DP): 144 Evasion: 114 Damage Reduction: 30 XP: 16 Skill XP: 50 Knowledge drop chance: 2. - How to obtain: Tanning the corpses of sheep. A blood imbued with special powers, made with a mixture of natural ingredients and alchemical medicine. Catch Mountain Sheep to get Sheep Hide, process (Drying) it into Soft Hide and hand over it to Hamir. You are not logged in! Log in to be able to post the comments, upload screenshots, subscribe to the pages, add information into the database and more! BBCode HTML. 2; Database. You receive each chapter one at a time. He may not be electric, but he's seen things you people wouldn't believe. As an example, sheep was used to help understand BPs' effects and mechanism of action in a pregnancy model [18–20]. Weight: 0. Will do one on that soon. 1 . Animals were housed in biosafety level 2 and the experiment was designed in conformance with the guidelines of the European Community Council on Animal Care (2010/63/EU) and under. - Description: Because of the popularity of sheep wool, countless amounts of sheep roam the Balenos Mountains and its ridges. Want to know if your sheep is pregnant? How do you look after them? What do you if the lamb is left alone? Well all your answers are here! In this video we w. Pregnancy toxemia is a metabolic disease that occurs in sheep and goats during late pregnancy and is associated with hypoglycemia and hyperketonemia (Mongini and Van Saun 2023). He wants to acquire Murana Lynch's Sheep Ranch across from Alejandro Farm, but he couldn't find the owner. She'll have a chat option to show her the lost lamb. One of them must be Baumim. The gestation period is 147 days that is approximately five months. The outcome of human infection in the. Twenty-four 3–4 year old, pen-trained Merino ewes of a known gestational age were used. Comparison of pregnancy rates, pregnancy type, and fetal sex. - Finding the Pregnant Sheep - Wrapping Up the Story. After their first birth, female sheep are more likely to carry twin lambs or even triplets in some cases. Obesity or starvation during late pregnancy can predispose the ewe or doe to greater risk of pregnancy. 0 6 Ewe flock during the last month of pregnancy 1. The aim of the present study was to determine how the long-term metabolic adaptations to winter shearing of the pregnant ewe result in significant changes in the rates of lipid mobilization and utilization of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in comparison with unshorn controls. The newest baby lamb is named Artemis, and is the most colorful of the bunch. 5%) and autumn (7. This will happen 3 weeks after the ewe is pregnant. People of Eastern Balenos . One sheep in the twin pregnancy group only delivered one lamb. CHAPTER 1: PRACTICAL METHODS OF PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS IN SHEEP 7 CHAPTER 1 PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS IN SHEEP: REVIEW OF THE MOST PRACTICAL METHODS Aly Karen 1, Pèter Kovács 2, Jean-Françios Beckers 3 and Ottó Szenci 1 1 Clinic for Large Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, H-2225 Üll ı-Dóra Major, Hungary. Oral Dex had decreased absorption compared to oral Beta and resulted in a lower maximal concentration and trough. 10 LT Explanation : A natural resource obtained through Gathering that can be employed to modify other materials using Alchemy. Butter. 8,196 Knowledge 621 Energy (651 with 30 base) Character 187 Energy. Sheep and goat fetuses add 70% of their final birth weight in the last six to eight weeks of gestation. The other yelled with confidence, one hundred and twenty two sheep. Knowledge: - Valencia Mountain Sheep: You are not logged in! Log in to be able to post the. As soon as the Black Spirit's energy touches the stone pagoda, apparitions of the past appeared, two who look like they could be twins. Current Time: 12:00AM Day in: <1 min Daily Reset: <1 min Trade Reset: <1 min Boardgame Reset: <1 min. Before we start. Lamb Meat. 5 when she carries one foetus and by a. During birthing pregnant sheep can shed C. Journal of Drieghan. Maternal recognition of pregnancy in ruminants (sheep, cattle, goats) requires that the conceptus elongate and produce IFNT, which is the pregnancy recognition signal (see Spencer et al. Welcome to our BDO interactive map! Use the navigation bar on the left side to view node information, use our node calculator, or place custom markers. Copy. “Heavenly Father answered our prayer!”. 003 mg/kg/h: Abdominal osmotic pump: Caused an increase in the thermal nociceptive threshold during the immediate postoperative period in pregnant sheep. Pets have an extremely essential role in Black Desert Online, and even though the game has become more generous with providing a few free ones, it’s still the most P2W-heavy mechanic in. - No, I am the real Baumim! The second Baumim is insisting that the answer the first Baumim gave is wrong. Required actions:BDO Knowledge Database Drieghan Adventure Journal II knowledge group for energy in Black Desert Online. Completing the Calpheon main quest line is a requirement. Start NPC: - Murana Lynch. However, the passage above insinuate that it is possible to have more sheeps pregnant at the same. burnetii organisms in amniotic fluid and placental tissue. Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is estimated to affect 7% to 10% of all pregnancies in the United States. HTML. – [Daily Hunting] The Cunning Shadow Wolves – Kill 50 Shadow Wolf. - Description: You can see the remains of ancient Drieghanese civilization at the Tshira Ruins. Any grain will work for making beer. Comments (0) Loot from this NPC; Used in quest; Login to comment. Are my sheep pregnant? Here are some easy ways to tell if your sheep are pregnant Mabye. In the majority of cases, sarcocystosis is a benign disease with no obvious clinical signs in sheep and dogs. The second Baumim is insisting that the answer the first Baumim gave is wrong. Bdolytics Join Discord! Support the site <3. Hmm, at least the sheep managed to experience things most sheep can only dream of. • The grade (S, A+, A, B, C) of your Ecology Knowledge is determined according to an equal probability. ※ This quest is available again after midnight (server time) every day unless you have already completed the quest that day. e. After that, there's a small, small chance that an animal will impregnate itself and have a baby (though there is. • Percentages were only written out to the fourth decimal place. 6 gestation the sheep fetus is similar to the 26–28 week gestation. . Food usually has a 30-minute cooldown, and lasts for 30 to 120 minutes. Database . Warehouse Capacity: 0. Show/hide full quest chain. All experimental procedures were approved by the Animal Ethics Committees of The University of Western Australia, Queensland University of Technology, and. 00%. achieve maintenance. You need to make sure your vitamin D levels are normal during pregnancy and while breast-feeding so that you and your baby are healthy. End NPC: - Murana Lynch. People of Eastern Balenos . Keep leveling your Gathering Skill to get more resources. To now every BDO employee after 12 months gets 9 weeks (aside dual bdo parents getting combined 11 weeks) What's everyone's thought and what is the policy at other companies. 5–3 (scale 0–5). 05) serum Ca and inorganic P levels than sheep pregnant with one fetus on d 100 and 150. Centaurus Herd. Representative photomicrograph of a section of placentome obtained at 80 days of gestation from a pregnant yearling Katahdin ewe that was experimentally inoculated with 4 × 10 7 TCID 50 of a noncytopathic BVDV type 1b isolate (NY-1 strain), intranasally, at 65 days of gestation. The real Baumim seems to be the one who knew one of the sheep is pregnant. Pregnancy rates were significantly different between all seasons (chi-square 774. - Description: A natural resource obtained through Gathering that can be used in Cooking. Mountain Sheep typically move about in groups. Since then, Baumim gained the trust of the villagers and became the wise Chief of the Mahakal Tribe. Alchemy; Cooking; Boss Timer; World Map; Skill calculator v. Quest Type: Character Quest. The interesting differences between these mice studies and the pregnant sheep response, is that the initial insulin response is also blunted in pregnancy, suggesting other effects of fasting and or pregnancy are involved in this absolute suppression of a glucose stimulated insulin response. The other yelled with confidence, one hundred and twenty two sheep. I literally did this yesterday and I didn't do a single quest. Seiri who has a friend (Can be obtained through [Quest]Seiri Made Friends) 3. Repeat steps 1-6. Consult with a veterinarian: Before administering ivermectin to pregnant sheep, it is essential to seek expert advice from a veterinarian. – [Daily Hunting] The Cunning Shadow Wolves – Kill 50 Shadow Wolf. Maternal and fetal microvasculature was studied in ewes at days 50, 90 and 130 of gestation using microvascular corrosion casting and scanning electron microscopy. You can have up to 5 pets in total. In pregnant sheep, IFN-τ is syn thes ise d an d sec ret ed b y the elon ga ting con cep tus beg inn ing bet ween Days 11 and 12 and Days 21 and 25 of pr egn anc y Here is a few loops around the Lynch Ranch Sheep location, extended for you to get a better idea of what this loop looks like. c. Their main reason for being is the auto-loot feature. Although few human cases occur annually, the danger to the pregnant woman and her developing fetus from exposure to C. One of them must be Baumim. Understanding the risks: Ivermectin is generally safe for sheep if administered at the recommended dosage. There were significant increases ( p <0. Finding the Pregnant Sheep) 24: Story of Baumim #3 (Can be obtained through [Quest]How Many Sheep?) 25: Story of Baumim #2 (Can be obtained through [Quest. Feed rams well all the time. In the first experiment, we built on previous pregnant sheep experiments by developing a mid-gestation model of ZIKV infection. Free or royalty-free photos and images. Database . Quest complete conditions. 1. Twin pregnant sheep were found to have lower ( p <0. 00%. Press "L" and use "Grinding" to grind Wheat, Barley, Corn, Potato OR Sweet Potato. 1%) aborted during the lambing season, while in the other farm, 3 of 57 pregnant ewes (5. Energized Maopan (Can be obtained through [Quest]Energized Maopan) Sheep. Seiri who has a friend (Can be obtained through [Quest]Seiri Made Friends) 3. 7%) (Figure 1). Obtained from: - Serendia Mountain Sheep. - First Quest in Chain:Knowledge checklist tracker for Black Desert Online - BDO. Sell price: 85. reminds me of someone saying no prep work, but had water/pots for desert debuff, so much for not planned. One of them must be Baumim. The reproductive cycle of a sheep can be natural as well as induced. Duvencrune Altar (Can be obtained through [Quest]Pleading Goblin) 2. 1. Show/hide full quest's text. Residents of Velia (2 energy). Let's look for a pregnant sheep around the stone pagoda. Let's talk to the other. 10 VT. During the Breeding phase: pregnant sheep gives birth. This study aimed at evaluating parasitological and blood variables in native breed Crioula Lanada sheep belonging to the same herd, to identify and compare susceptible or resistant individuals to gastrointestinal nematodes during gestation and lactation phases. Any grain will work for making beer. Let's go back to Melana and tell her all about what happened. 2; Database. Pregnancy Determination in Sheep. End NPC: - Baumim. - You can use Heating (L) on Narc's Wishstone x30 to get Breath of Narcion x1. Let's talk to the other apparitions nearby to help Baumim guess how many sheep he has. - Personal Transaction Unavailable. In pregnant sheep and lambs it has been shown that the cortisol and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) responses, respectively, to a pharmacological stress challenge were reduced after several weeks of food restriction. Talk to Shakatu to bring up the second portion of the quest. (1933) and by Webster (1935). The average gestation period for a sheep is 147. Items. Copy. - You can use Heating (L) on Mournful Crystal of the Forest x10 to get Forest Fury x1. We also asked if there was a relationship between size variation of the MBA/mba and the severity of chorioamnionitis in pregnant sheep. EWE pregnancy can be detected by testing their wool, researchers at Western Sydney University have found. Warehouse Capacity: 0. This is the fastest way to level to 60 – 61. 30 VT. Tip. 0 6 Ewe flock to last month of pregnancy 1. Skill XP: 80,844. Cow gestation period is between 240 to 262 days after which it gives birth to only one calf. (2003). 10 VT. Clear Minded Rinta (Can be obtained through [Quest]Clear Minded Rinta) 4. , birth control). As for the vision of the dreamer in her vision of the dead black sheep, it gives her good tidings of abundant money and abundant livelihood. Standard. Lifeskills . Studies in sheep have made significant contributions to our understanding of normal and abnormal fetal development, and have enabled scientists and clinicians to answer questions about the etiology and treatment of poor maternal, placental, and fetal health (Morrison et al. It's definitely not like deer blood. ※ You cannot use the autorun feature to get there. Show/hide full quest's text. Continuous infusions of [1- 14 C]palmitic acid, [2- 3 H]glycerol. . Talk to him. Wiki User. Tupping usually occurs in autumn, when melatonin levels increase, which is the main driver of seasonal breeding for sheep. Pastures are often the basal feed for beef cattle in subtropical and tropical regions []. The other yelled with confidence, one hundred and twenty two sheep. It is recommended that half scores be used between 2 and 4, giving the following scores: 1, 2, 2. . Factor Minimum* crude protein % Dry ewe or wether 1. Show/hide full quest's text. Find Pregnant With Sheep stock images in HD and millions of other royalty-free stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the Shutterstock collection. The right answer is the third one "Hundred and twenty one". The family members counted the sheep, and there were exactly one hundred and twenty one sheep. 3%) aborted within 1 week. 0:00 / 5:23 BDO Meat Gathering - Raw Edition - Lynch Ranch Sheep aiRstylez 9. 5 to 2 times maintenance in the last trimester. Let's talk to the other apparitions nearby to help Baumim guess how many sheep he has. Cow gestation period is between 240 to 262 days after which it gives birth to only one calf. , pen or farm) suggests the need for a more thorough study. End NPC: - Hamir. Select Exchange from the Pet List menu and the Pet Exchange UI will appear. Messages. Introduction. They usually have their babies from between April and July. No change in mechanical threshold. 243 (+12 if youre Artisan 1) Prune. ※ You must have at least 2 empty slots in your inventory when capturing the sheep with some feed. Follow along using the transcript. To receive […]4. - Description: The second Baumim is insisting that the answer the first Baumim gave is wrong. After their first birth, female sheep are more likely to carry twin lambs or even triplets in some cases. I noticed it yesterday morning having some dried red crusty stuff on her. Current Time: 12:00AM Day in: <1 min Daily Reset: <1 min Trade Reset: <1 min Boardgame Reset: <1 min - Finding the Pregnant Sheep - Wrapping Up the Story. Sequence analysis of the genome of C. 05, p <0. Depending on the breed of sheep, most of these farm animals give birth to 1-3 babies during the year. Shepherds traverse these mountains in search of good grassland along with their herds of sheep. Correspondingly, Ca levels decreased significantly (p < 0. Mountain Sheep typically move about in groups. 2. (Rounded from the fifth decimal place) Chance of obtaining: 100. Show/hide full quest's text. g. Thus, Baumim was able to defeat the Black Spirit through wisdom and prove himself. - First Quest in Chain: In this video I'm going to be showing how to complete 3 quests (1)How Many Sheep (2)No I am the real Baumim (3)Finding the Pregnant Sheep.